Nature, Published online: 26 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09779-1Thousands of centromeres were identified and tracked across two major fungal clades, showing that new centromeres spread progressively and that the kinetochore acts as a filter to determine which new centromere variants are tolerated.

Nature, Published online: 26 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09796-0A mode of brain organization that connects visual and bodily reference frames may translate raw sensory impressions into more abstract formats that are useful for action, social cognition and semantic processing.

Nature, Published online: 26 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09743-zData provided by Amazonian peoples are used to estimate the value of wild animals as a source of food, including its spatial distribution and nutritional value, providing information that will be key for improved management of forest ecosystems in the region.

Nature, Published online: 26 November 2025; doi:10.1038/d41586-025-03649-6The DNA of ancient individuals dating to between 10,000 and 150 years ago reveals the existence of a long-standing, yet previously uncharacterized, lineage in the Southern Cone of South America a region comprising what is now Argentina, Chile and Uruguay. People with this ancestry produced offspring with other, pre-existing groups in surrounding regions. Genomic data from present-day inhabitants attest to the genetic continuity of the lineage in central Argentina.

Nature, Published online: 26 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09786-2Complex prophage integration dynamics, including low-level induction, cross-family host range and transposase-mediated mobilization, challenge existing paradigms and deepen our understanding of phagebacterial interactions in the human gut microbiome.

After Beijing reshaped the political order in Hong Kong in its image, the fire has become a test of how well that new system can govern in a crisis.

2025-11-29T06:43:05Z ISTANBUL (AP) Two oil tankers said to be part of Russias shadow fleet that were set ablaze off Turkeys Black Sea coast may have been hit by mines, drones or missiles, a senior Turkish official said Saturday.Tankers Kairos and Virat were struck in quick succession late Friday afternoon, prompting rescue operations. Crew members on board both vessels were reported to be safe.Turkish Transport and Infrastructure Minister Abdulkadir Uraloglu said rescue services first received reports that the Kairos may have hit a mine before being told of an explosion on the Virat.Our crews indicate that there were explosions on the other ship and that these were also caused by external interference, Uraloglu told broadcaster NTV early Saturday.The first things that come to mind for external interference could be a mine, a missile, a marine vessel or a drone. We dont have definitive information on this, he added. The OpenSanctions database, which tracks people or organizations involved in sanctions evasion, describes the vessels as part of a shadow fleet of ships used to evade sanctions imposed on Russia following its 2022 invasion of Ukraine. Ukraine has carried out successful naval strikes against Russian shipping during the war, particularly using explosives-packed marine drones. However, Ukrainian missions have largely been limited to the waters of the northern Black Sea. The Gambian-flagged Kairos caught fire in the Black Sea approximately 28 nautical miles (52 kilometers) off the coast of Turkeys Kocaeli province, Turkeys Directorate General of Maritime Affairs said. It was sailing empty toward Russias Novorossiysk port.Within an hour, the maritime authority reported that a second tanker, Virat, was struck while sailing in the Black Sea about 35 nautical miles (64 kilometers) off the Turkish coast. It did not provide further details. Rescue teams were dispatched to the scene to provide assistance. All 20 crew members aboard the Virat were safe, although heavy smoke was reported in the engine room, the maritime authority said.All 25 crew aboard the Kairos were safely evacuated, Kocaeli Gov. Ilhami Aktas said.The VesselFinder website showed the Virat was anchored north of the Bosphorus, not far from its current position, on Nov. 4. The Kairos last position was on Nov. 26 south of the Dardanelles Strait connecting the Aegean Sea and the Sea of Marmara.The United States sanctioned the Virat in January this year, followed by the European Union, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and Canada, according to the OpenSanctions website. Similarly, the EU sanctioned the Kairos in July this year, followed by the U.K. and Switzerland.The shadow tanker fleet continues to provide multibillion-dollar revenues for the Kremlin bypassing sanctions, disguising its activities under the flags of third countries, using complex schemes to conceal owners and poses significant environmental threats, OpenSanctions says in its website entry on the Kairos.The Virat, built in 2018, uses irregular and high-risk shipping practices and has previously sailed under the flags of Barbados, Comoros, Liberia and Panama, OpenSanctions says. The Kairos, formerly flagged as Panamanian, Greek and Liberian, was built in 2002.Ukraines military intelligence service, the GUR, says on its website that both ships visit Russian ports and have a history of shutting off their automatic identification systems, which transmit a ships position.They have also docked at ports in China, Turkey and India, among other locations.-Fraser reported from Ankara, Turkey RSShttps://feedx.net https://feedx.site

Pope Leo XIV, center, visits the Sultan Ahmed Mosque in Istanbul, Saturday, Nov. 29, 2025. (AP Photo/Domenico Stinellis)2025-11-29T06:57:11Z ISTANBUL, Turkey (AP) Pope Leo XIV visited Istanbuls Blue Mosque on Saturday at the start of an intense day of meetings and liturgies with Turkeys religious leaders and a Mass for the countrys tiny Catholic community.The head of Turkeys Diyanet religious affairs directorate showed Leo the soaring tiled dome of the mosque and the Arabic inscriptions on its columns, as Leo nodded in understanding. The Vatican had said Leo would observe a brief minute of silent prayer there, but it wasnt clear if he had. The imam of the mosque, Asgin Tunca, said he had invited Leo to pray but the pope declined.Speaking to reporters after the visit, Tunca said he had told the pope that the mosque was Allahs house.Its not my house, not your house, (its the) house of Allah, he said. He said he told Leo: If you want, you can worship here, I said. But he said, Thats OK. He wanted to see the mosque, wanted to feel (the) atmosphere of the mosque, I think. And was very pleased, he said.Leo was following in the footsteps of his recent predecessors, who all made high-profile visits to the Sultan Ahmed Mosque, as it is officially known, in a gesture of respect to Turkeys Muslim majority. Leo removed his shoes and walked through the carpeted mosque in his white socks. Past popes have also visited the nearby Hagia Sophia landmark, once one of the most important historic cathedrals in Christianity and a United Nations-designated world heritage site. But Leo left that visit off his itinerary on his first trip as pope. In July 2020, Turkey converted Hagia Sophia from a museum back into a mosque, a move that drew widespread international criticism, including from the Vatican.After the mosque visit, Leo held a private meeting with Turkeys Christian leaders at the Syriac Orthodox Church of Mor Ephrem. In the afternoon, he was expected to pray with the spiritual leader of the worlds Orthodox Christians, Patriarch Bartholomew, at the patriarchal church of Saint George. He will end the day with a Catholic Mass in Istanbuls Volkswagen Arena for the countrys Catholic community, who number 33,000 in a country of more than 85 million people, most of whom are Sunni Muslim.Leo had prayed with these Christian leaders on Friday in Iznik, at the site of the A.D. 325 Council of Nicaea, the highlight of his trip. The occasion was to mark the 1,700th anniversary of the council, the unprecedented meeting of bishops that produced the creed, or statement of faith, that is still recited by millions of Christians today.Standing over the ruins of the site, the men recited the creed. Leo urged them to overcome the scandal of the divisions that unfortunately still exist and to nurture the desire for unity.Such unity, he said, was of particular importance at a time marked by many tragic signs, in which people are subjected to countless threats to their very dignity.The Nicaea gathering took place at a time when the Eastern and Western churches were still united. They split in the Great Schism of 1054, a divide precipitated largely by disagreements over the primacy of the pope, and then in other splintering divisions. But even today, Catholic, Orthodox and most historic Protestant groups accept the Nicaean Creed, making it a point of agreement and the most widely accepted creed in Christendom. As a result, celebrating its origins at the site of its creation with the spiritual leaders of the Catholic and Orthodox churches and other Christian representatives marked a historic moment in the centuries-old quest to reunite all Christians. ___Associated Press religion coverage receives support through the APs collaboration with The Conversation US, with funding from Lilly Endowment Inc. The AP is solely responsible for this content. NICOLE WINFIELD Winfield has been on the Vatican beat since 2001, covering the papacies of St. John Paul II, Pope Benedict XVI and the Francis pontificate and traveling the world with them.

Passengers wait in line at All Nippon Airways' counter at Haneda airport in Tokyo Saturday, Nov. 29, 2025. A sign, right, reads " Flight cancellation counter." (Takahiko Kanbara/Kyodo News via AP)2025-11-28T22:43:09Z Airlines around the world canceled and delayed flights heading into the weekend to fix software on a widely used commercial aircraft after an analysis found the computer code may have contributed to a sudden drop in the altitude of a JetBlue plane last month.Airbus said Friday that an examination of the JetBlue incident revealed that intense solar radiation may corrupt data critical to the functioning of flight controls on the A320 family of aircraft. The FAA joined the European Union Aviation Safety Agency in requiring airlines to address the issue with a new software update. More than 500 U.S.-registered aircraft will be impacted. The EU safety agency said it may cause short-term disruption to flight schedules. The problem was introduced by a software update to the planes onboard computers, according to the agency.In Japan, All Nippon Airways, which operates more than 30 planes, canceled 65 domestic flights for Saturday. Additional cancellations on Sunday were possible, it said. The software change comes as U.S. passengers were beginning to head home from the Thanksgiving holiday, which is the busiest travel time in the country. American Airlines has about 480 planes from the A320 family, of which 209 are affected. The fix should take about two hours for many aircraft and updates should be completed for the overwhelming majority on Friday, the airline said. A handful will be finished Saturday. Stay up to date with the news and the best of AP by following our WhatsApp channel. Follow on American expected some delays but it said it was focused on limiting cancellations. It said safety would be its overriding priority. Air India said via the social platform X that its engineers were working on the fix and completed the reset on more 40% of aircraft that need it. There were no cancellations, it said.Delta said it expected the issue to affect less than 50 of its A321neo aircraft. United said six planes in its fleet are affected and it expects minor disruptions to a few flights. Hawaiian Airlines said it was unaffected. Mike Stengel, a partner with the aerospace industry management consulting firm AeroDynamic Advisory, said the fix could be addressed between flights or on overnight plane checks. Definitely not ideal for this to be happening on a very ubiquitous aircraft on a busy holiday weekend, Stengel said from Ann Arbor, Michigan. Although again the silver lining being that it only should take a few hours to update the software.At least 15 JetBlue passengers were injured and taken to the hospital after the Oct. 30 incident on board the flight from Cancun, Mexico, to Newark, New Jersey. The plane was diverted to Tampa, Florida.Airbus, which is registered in the Netherlands but has its main headquarters in France, is one of the worlds biggest airplane manufacturers, alongside Boeing. The A320 is the primary competitor to Boeings 737, Stengel said. Airbus updated its engine in the mid-2010s, and planes in this category are called A320neo, he said. The A320 is the worlds bestselling single-aisle aircraft family, according to Airbus website.___Associated Press writers Mari Yamaguchi in Tokyo and Jennifer Kelleher in Honolulu contributed. AUDREY McAVOY McAvoy is a Honolulu-based reporter who covers news in Hawaii and beyond. twitter mailto

Nature, Published online: 26 November 2025; doi:10.1038/d41586-025-03451-4Fossils newly discovered in Ethiopia indicate that previously unidentified foot bones belong to the ancient human relative Australopithecus deyiremeda.

Nature, Published online: 26 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09760-yControlling pairs of nitrogen vacancy centres enables the measurement of magnetic correlations below the optical diffraction limit, and the use of entangled pairs shows a linear scaling of the measurement sensitivity with readout noise, as opposed to the quadratic scaling that would be obtained with unentangled spins.

Nature, Published online: 26 November 2025; doi:10.1038/d41586-025-03786-yHistory repeating.

Nature, Published online: 26 November 2025; doi:10.1038/d41586-025-03816-9Cells have evolved elaborate mechanisms to eliminate unwanted proteins and maintain homeostasis. Inhibitors of a diverse family of enzymes called kinases can co-opt and supercharge these protein-degradation mechanisms to prompt kinase degradation.

Nature, Published online: 26 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09765-7Soil compaction traps ethylene around roots, which causes transcriptional upregulation of Auxin Response Factor1, resulting in decreased root cortical cell wall thickness and thereby promoting root radial expansion.

Archaeologist from Sudan's National Museum Dr Shadia Abdrabo, poses at her office at the French National Institute for Art History (INHA) in Paris, Wednesday, Oct. 29, 2025. (AP Photo/Michel Euler)2025-11-29T07:17:34Z PARIS (AP) In a dimly lit office in a corner of the French National Institute for Art History, Sudanese archaeologist Shadia Abdrabo studies a photograph of pottery made in her country around 7,000 B.C. She carefully types a description of the Neolithic artifact into a spreadsheet.As the war between the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) rages on, the curator from Sudans National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums (NCAM) is on a yearlong research grant in France with one mission: to build an online database of the African nations archaeological sites, museum collections and historical archives.Soon after the war in Sudan started, in April 2023, museums were looted and destroyed. Its unclear what exactly went missing, but Abdrabo says her task is to find out and time is of the essence.We have to work fast to secure our collections. Weve already lost two museums and we dont want to lose more, Abdrabo told The Associated Press. She says two regional museums in El Geneina and Nyala were almost completely destroyed, while in Khartoum, the National Museum which held an estimated 100,000 objects before the war was ransacked by militias who posted videos online of their fighters inside the storeroom. The National Museum had pieces dating back to prehistoric times, including from the Kerma Kingdom and the Napatan era when Kushite kings ruled the region as well as from the Meroitic civilization that built Sudans pyramids. Other galleries displayed later Christian and Islamic objects.Among its most valuable items were mummies dating back to 2,500 B.C., some of the oldest and most archaeologically significant in the world as well as royal Kushite treasures. Entire archives vanishedUNESCO raised the alarm on reports of plundering saying the threat to culture appears to have reached an unprecedented level.My heart was broken, you know? Its not just objects that we lost. We lost research, we lost studies, we lost many things, Abdrabo said.Last month, hundreds of people were left dead and more than 80,000 others forced into displacement after the capture of North Darfurs capital, El Fasher, by the RSF. For Abdrabo the work is deeply personal.Im from Nubia, from the north, an area filled with monuments, archaeological sites and ancient life, she said. The region was home to some of the worlds earliest kingdoms that rivaled ancient Egypt in power and wealth.She was working at the national museum in the capital Khartoum when the war started.We thought it would finish soon but then life started getting really difficult: not just the bombing, but there was no electricity, no water, she said. With her three sisters, she fled north first to Atbara, then to Abri, and eventually to Port Sudan.During that time, Abdrabo and her NCAM colleagues worked tirelessly to try and protect Sudans 11 museums and sites some designated with UNESCO World Heritage status moving pieces to safe rooms and secret locations.But efforts to protect Sudans art were too slow, said Ali Nour, a Sudanese cultural heritage advocate.While applications were being drafted, sites were being emptied. While risk assessments were reviewed, entire archives vanished, Nour wrote in an article for the U.K.-based International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works. Urgent recovery effortsUNESCO said it carried out inventories, trained police and customs officers to recognize stolen antiquities, while appealing to collectors to refrain from acquiring or taking part in the import, export or transfer of ownership of cultural property from Sudan.But, unlike similar cultural emergencies that followed wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, Sudan has not benefited from strong media coverage denouncing the degradation and plundering of its cultural heritage,' according to researcher Meryam Amarir. This lack of visibility has reduced the international response.Ancient Sudan was connected, through trade and military activity, with Egypt, the Mediterranean world and Mesopotamia, and was the source of much of the gold available in the region, according to Geoff Emberling of the Kelsey Museum of Archaeology at the University of Michigan. If were interested in these ancient cultures, then we have to be interested in Sudan, said Emberling, who is involved with the recently established Sudan Cultural Emergency Recovery Fund.The task force, requested by NCAM, aims to unite institutions, scholars, and donors around the urgent recovery efforts of Sudans heritage.What Shadia Abdrabo is doing is urgently essential establishing whats missing, Emberling told the AP. And with a team of about 15 Sudanese now working in the museum in Khartoum to clean and restore what has been damaged, they will soon be able to compare what remains there now. I cry when I talk about thisAbdrabo has funding until April 2026 to finish compiling the data and building a platform, but she worries it wont be enough time.The work is painstaking. Some datasets arrive as spreadsheets, others as handwritten inventories or photographs taken decades ago. Colleagues at the Louvre, the British Museum and others lend support but she works mostly alone.Im trying to finish this database but its a lot. Ive done about 20% of the work. Just for the national museums, Ive recorded 1,080 objects so far and then I have to do other museums, sites, archives I need to add pictures, ID numbers, coordinates As the winter settles over Paris, the crisis in Sudan drives Abdrabo.We are working on tracking what has been looted, she said. I cry when I talk about this. My only goal and message is to bring back as much as possible, to do as much as I can for Sudan, but its not easy for us.Its not just the war itself, but the consequences of it that could affect the countrys heritage: militias, people displaced its not safe for the art to be in unsecure locations, she added.Until the war finishes we just dont know what is going to happen.

Nature, Published online: 26 November 2025; doi:10.1038/d41586-025-03885-wEngineered T cells that have been used to treat ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis and lupus show promising results.

Nature, Published online: 26 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09803-4Liver-restricted viral infection in mice results in secondary lymphoid organ dormancy and the compensatory induction of specialized lymphoid tissue in the liver, the structural features and functional outputs of which are closely mirrored in humans.

Nature, Published online: 26 November 2025; doi:10.1038/d41586-025-03590-8The Perseverance rover on Mars has serendipitously recorded sounds and electromagnetic signals that are characteristic of lightning in dust storms.

Nature, Published online: 26 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09440-xPD-1 blockade interferes with the selective expansion and maintenance of high-affinity TCR stem-like clones that have a critical role in effective checkpoint blockade therapy.

Nature, Published online: 26 November 2025; doi:10.1038/d41586-025-03593-5Using genomic data, researchers have uncovered the origins and cultural practices of the people of Shimao, a 4,000-year-old fortified settlement in northern China.

Rescue efforts across the nation of 23 million have been hampered by disruptions in transport and telecommunications.

Nature, Published online: 26 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09763-9Inhibitor-induced kinase degradation is a common event that positions supercharging of endogenous degradation circuits as an alternative to classical proximity-inducing degraders.

Nature, Published online: 26 November 2025; doi:10.1038/d41586-025-03452-3Devices made from certain materials can double the frequency of light. Programmable electrodes can tune this response to produce various light spectra.

Nature, Published online: 26 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09799-xSequencing of 144 ancient genomes from Shimao city and its satellites presents pedigrees among tomb owners spanning up to four generations showing predominantly patrilineal descent structure across Shimao communities, and possibly sex-specific sacrificial rituals.

Nature, Published online: 26 November 2025; doi:10.1038/d41586-025-03850-7Germany is one of the most popular destinations for students and scholars worldwide, but those pursuing academic careers face significant hurdles to success.

Nature, Published online: 26 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09714-43.4-million-year-old hominin fossils discovered in Ethiopia provide insight into the diet and locomotion of Australopithecus deyiremeda.

The attack came as U.S. officials were expected to hold peace talks with Ukrainian and Russian officials in the coming days.

National Guard patrol the National Mall near the Lincoln Memorial, Friday, Nov. 28, 2025, in Washington. (AP Photo/Rahmat Gul)2025-11-29T05:07:17Z WASHINGTON (AP) The Trump administration has halted all asylum decisions and paused issuing visas for people traveling on Afghan passports days after a shooting near the White House that left one National Guard member dead and another in critical condition.Investigators continued Saturday to seek a motive in the shooting, with the suspect a 29-year-old Afghan national who worked with the CIA during the Afghanistan War and now faces charges including first-degree murder. The man applied for asylum during the Biden administration and was granted it this year under Trump, according to a group that assists with resettlement of Afghans who helped U.S. forces in their country.The Trump administration has seized on the shooting to vow to intensify efforts to rein in legal immigration, promising to pause entry from some poor countries and review Afghans and other legal migrants already in the country. That is in addition to other measures, some of which were previously set in motion. Specialist Sarah Beckstrom, 20, died after the Wednesday shooting, and Staff Sgt. Andrew Wolfe, 24, was hospitalized in critical condition. They were deployed with the West Virginia National Guard as part of Trumps crime-fighting mission in the city. The president also has deployed or tried to deploy National Guard members to other cities to assist with his mass deportation efforts but has faced court challenges.U.S. Attorney Jeanine Pirros office said the charges against Rahmanullah Lakanwal also include two counts of assault with intent to kill while armed. In an interview on Fox News, she said there were many charges to come. Asylum decisions haltedTrump called the shooting a terrorist attack and criticized the Biden administration for enabling entry by Afghans who worked with U.S. forces. The director of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, Joseph Edlow, said in a post on the social platform X that asylum decisions will be paused until we can ensure that every alien is vetted and screened to the maximum degree possible. Experts say the U.S. has rigorous vetting systems for asylum-seekers. Asylum claims made from inside the country through USCIS have long faced backlogs. Critics say the slowdown has been exacerbated during the Trump administration. Also Friday, Secretary of State Marco Rubio said his department paused visa issuance for ALL individuals traveling on Afghan passports. Shawn VanDiver, president of the San Diego-based group #AfghanEvac, said in response: They are using a single violent individual as cover for a policy they have long planned, turning their own intelligence failures into an excuse to punish an entire community and the veterans who served alongside them. The suspectLakanwal lived in Bellingham, Washington, about 80 miles (130 kilometers) north of Seattle, with his wife and five children, former landlord Kristina Widman said.Neighbor Mohammad Sherzad said Lakanwal was polite and quiet and spoke little English. Sherzad said he attended the same mosque as Lakanwal and heard from other members that he was struggling to find work. He said Lakanwal disappeared about two weeks ago. Lakanwal worked briefly this summer as an independent contractor for Amazon Flex, which lets people use their own cars to deliver packages, according to a company spokesperson. Investigators are executing warrants in Washington state and other parts of the country.Lakanwal entered the U.S. in 2021 through Operation Allies Welcome, a Biden administration program that resettled Afghans after the U.S. withdrawal, officials said. Lakanwal applied for asylum during that administration, but his asylum was approved this year under the Trump administration, #AfghanEvac said in a statement.Lakanwal served in a CIA-backed Afghan Army unit, known as one of the special Zero Units, in the southern province of Kandahar, according to a resident of the eastern province of Khost who identified himself as Lakanwals cousin and spoke on condition of anonymity for fear of reprisals. The man said Lakanwal started out working for the unit as a security guard in 2012 and was later promoted to become a team leader and a GPS specialist. Beckstrom exemplified leadership, dedicationShe enlisted in 2023 after graduating high school and served with distinction as a military police officer with the 863rd Military Police Company, the West Virginia National Guard said. She exemplified leadership, dedication, and professionalism, the guard said in a statement, adding that Beckstrom volunteered for the D.C. deployment. ___Associated Press journalists Sarah Brumfield, Siddiqullah Alizai, Elena Becatoros, Randy Herschaft, Cedar Attanasio and Hallie Golden contributed. COLLIN BINKLEY Binkley covers the U.S. Education Department and federal education policy for The Associated Press, along with a wide range of issues from K-12 through higher education. twitter mailto

Migrants deported months before by the United States to El Salvador under the Trump administration's immigration crackdown arrive at Simon Bolvar International Airport in Maiquetia, Venezuela, July 18, 2025. (AP Photo/Ariana Cubillos, File)2025-11-29T05:01:19Z Two planes carrying Venezuelan migrants out of the U.S. were midair on March 15 when a federal judge in Washington ordered the Trump administration to turn them around. Instead, the planes landed in El Salvador hours later, touching off an extraordinary power struggle between the judicial and executive branches of the U.S. government over what happened and why the judges order went unexecuted.That fight entered a critical phase on Friday when U.S. District Judge James Boasberg relaunched an investigation to determine whether the Republican administration deliberately ignored his instruction, letting the planes continue onto El Salvador. The judge previously concluded it did and threatened to have the responsible official or officials prosecuted on a contempt charge. The administration has denied any violation.But an appeals court threw Boasbergs decision out. The contempt probe appeared dead until in yet another twist, a larger panel of judges on the same appeals court ruled on November 14 that the investigation could proceed. Heres a look at what makes this case unusual and what could happen now: Criminal contempt inquiries such as Boasbergs are extremely rareThey are a last resort, former federal judges Jeremy Fogel and Liam OGrady told The Associated Press in an interview Monday conducted on Zoom.The judge has to believe that some line may have been crossed that you cant ignore, said Fogel, who spent 20 years on the bench in Northern California before retiring in 2018. Fogel said the issues raised by Boasbergs contempt probe whether the migrants were deprived of their due process rights and whether the courts authority was flouted meet that standard.Whatever actually happened, I think it would be very hard for him to just let it go, the judge said.OGrady, who served in Alexandria, Virginia, just outside Washington, for 16 years, credited Boasberg for his efforts to determine the facts.Hes making sure that his record is absolutely clear, OGrady said. Boasberg wants to start with written statementsOn Friday, Boasberg ordered the administration to submit declarations by December 5 from all officials involved in the decision not to return the flights to the U.S. He said he will then decide whether to seek testimony from witnesses.The declarations should detail the officials roles in the decision, the judge said in the brief order. Justice Department attorneys had urged him to abandon the probe, but Boasberg said he must determine whether Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem or anyone else should be referred for potential contempt prosecution. In other words, the Court must decide if: (1) the court order was clear and reasonably specific; (2) the defendant violated the order; and (3) the violation was willful, he wrote. In a court filing on Tuesday, Justice Department attorneys said Noem decided the migrants aboard the flights could be transferred to El Salvador after receiving advice from the Homeland Security departments acting general counsel, Joseph Mazzara.Mazzara had received legal advice about the planes from Deputy Attorney General Todd Blanche and Principal Associate Deputy Attorney General Emil Bove, according to the filing. The administration has defended its decision about the planesThe judges directive to return them was made verbally in court but not included in his written order, government attorneys said in the court filing on Tuesday.That order blocked the administration from removing any of the individual Plaintiffs from the United States for 14 days, but said nothing about the flights already airborne.The two planes had already departed U.S. territory and airspace, so the migrants aboard them had already been removed and therefore fell outside of the courts order, Justice Department lawyers said in the court filing. Accordingly, the Government maintains that its actions did not violate the Courts order certainly not with the clarity required for criminal contempt and no further proceedings are warranted or appropriate, they wrote. A federal appeals court judge said in August that the administrations interpretation of Boasbergs order was plausible. The order could reasonably have been read as only prohibiting the government from expelling detainees from United States territory, wrote Gregory Katsas, a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit. Katsas was appointed by President Donald Trump. The White House has been hostile to judges that check its power Trump officials have chafed at judicial oversight and repeatedly contested the power of judges to review executive branch policies, particularly on immigration.There is a deliberate effort to push the boundaries and try to curtail the authority of trial courts, said David Noll, a Rutgers Law School professor who writes about the intersection of the law and politics.Noll said he expects the Justice Department to fight the inquiry from the start, with lots of appeals and chest thumping that Boasberg is exceeding his authority. Trump has already attacked Boasberg. After the March 15 ruling, Trump derided the judge as a troublemaker and agitator and called for his impeachment. Boasberg was nominated to the bench by Democratic President Barack Obama and currently serves as the chief judge of the federal court for the District of Columbia.In July, the Justice Department filed a misconduct claim against him, alleging he told Chief Justice John Roberts and other federal judges in March that the administration would trigger a constitutional crisis by disregarding federal court rulings.Boasberg has framed the contempt inquiry as an effort to uphold the U.S. Constitution, which he says requires compliance with judicial orders. Separately, he is considering a request to require the administration to give at least 137 of the migrants, who are now back in Venezuela, a chance to challenge their gang designation.He has accused Trump administration officials of rushing the migrants out of the U.S. and said significant evidence had surfaced indicating that many of them were not connected to the Tren de Aragua gang. Contempt findings can carry fines and prison time But history shows such punishments are rarely issued or allowed to stand against the government.A survey of thousands of federal court opinions published in the Harvard Law Review in 2018 turned up 82 contempt findings against government officials and agencies since the end of World War II. Judges issued or tried to issue fines in 16 of those cases, but higher courts blocked them in all but three.Prison time is even more uncommon. Judges locked up or credibly threatened to lock up a federal agency official in only four of the cases, and high courts similarly intervened to block the sanction, the study by Yale Law School professor Nicholas Parrillo found.Noll, the Rutgers Law professor, said if the inquiry moves ahead, it could influence public debate about whether the administration can carry out its mass deportation policy legally. A lot of a district courts power just comes from the ability to get an issue in front of the public, he said in a phone interview on Tuesday.

Nature, Published online: 26 November 2025; doi:10.1038/d41586-025-03886-9Since it was unveiled in 2020, Google DeepMinds game-changing AI tool has helped researchers all over the world to predict the 3D structures of hundreds of millions of proteins.

Nature, Published online: 26 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09766-6Calcium imaging of taste neurons and the ventral brain provides insight into evolutionary divergence of food choice in Drosophila species, supporting a role of sensorimotor processing in addition to peripheral receptor changes.

Nature, Published online: 26 November 2025; doi:10.1038/d41586-025-03745-7Soft fibres that adapt their form and mechanical properties reversibly and rapidly under a magnetic field that is safe for human health have been developed and used to make yarns and fabrics. These programmable fibrous assemblies could be applied in soft robotics and wearable technologies.

Nature, Published online: 25 November 2025; doi:10.1038/d41586-025-03869-wScientific meetings that support Black, Latino and Indigenous researchers are grappling with funding cuts and other restrictions.

Nature, Published online: 25 November 2025; doi:10.1038/d41586-025-03768-0Technical advances allow researchers to trace the genetic changes that occur over time.

As the year comes to a close, we want to know your highly specific, idiosyncratic bests of 2025.

Andriy Yermak had ensured internal discipline in Ukraines wartime politics. He also led the countrys peace negotiations, which now must go on without him.

The upcoming election in Honduras shows how politicians must balance cooperation with the Trump administration with their obligation to undocumented citizens in the United States who may be deported.

Segev Kalfon said he endured physical abuse and mind games during 738 days in the hands of Hamas. Now, he asks why it took so long for Israel to bring him home.

President Trumps ever-growing vision has caused tension with contractors. His architect has taken a step back as the president personally manages the project.

Nature, Published online: 25 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09930-yPolyclonal origins of human premalignant colorectal lesions

Nature, Published online: 25 November 2025; doi:10.1038/d41586-025-03854-3The world needs a more agile framework for climate action, but that shouldnt mean abandoning a system that has worked for 30 years.

Nature, Published online: 25 November 2025; doi:10.1038/d41586-025-03851-6Despite the weak agreement seen at the COP30 climate conference, Brazil was right to prioritize discussing the eventual phase-out of fossil fuels. Others must now help to find a way forward.

Nature, Published online: 25 November 2025; doi:10.1038/d41586-025-03592-6In 1995, two papers reported long-sought proof of an exotic state of matter with applications in fields as diverse as quantum computing and cosmology.

Nature, Published online: 25 November 2025; doi:10.1038/d41586-025-03881-0International environmental treaties cannot be reformed through rational design

Prosecutors say members of the Somali diaspora, a group with growing political power, were largely responsible. President Trump has drawn national attention to the scandal amid his crackdown on immigration.

It is not only classical musicians who are being stunted by the search for perfection. It is harming many aspects of our lives and sectors of our society.

I needed to stop thinking that I knew more than the author and give in to whatever ride they had spent years planning.

Even if a peace can be reached, it wont be easy to solve the problem of Ukrainian civilians languishing in Russian jails. This is one prisoners story.

The new law seeks to prevent retailers from ripping off consumers by using artificial intelligence and their personal data to charge them higher prices.

Hong Kong Chief Executive John lee, center and other officers observe a moment of silence for the victims of the deadly fire that started Wednesday at Wang Fuk Court, a residential estate in the Tai Po district of Hong Kong's New Territories, Saturday, Nov. 29, 2025. (AP Photo/Chan Long Hei)2025-11-29T04:45:59Z HONG KONG (AP) Hong Kongs deadliest fire in decades has raised questions about corruption and negligence in the renovations of the apartment complex where at least 128 people died.An intense fire broke out at Wang Fuk Court complex in Hong Kongs northern suburbs Wednesday afternoon, with flames covering seven of the eight towers. The complex was home to some 4,800 residents, some of whom had raised safety concerns about the renovations more than year before the fire. Police on Wednesday arrested three men from a construction company on suspicion of manslaughter and gross negligence. They are now out on bail. Authorities then arrested seven men and one woman, including scaffolding subcontractors, directors of an engineering consultancy company and project managers supervising the renovation, in a corruption probe.Police have not identified the company where the suspects worked, but documents posted to the homeowners associations website showed that the Prestige Construction & Engineering Company was in charge of renovations. Police have seized boxes of documents from the company, where phones rang unanswered Thursday.Officials also said they were investigating the materials used, both the netting on the scaffolding and the foam panels covering windows, and their role in the blaze. Stay up to date with the news and the best of AP by following our WhatsApp channel. Follow on Residents found safety issues a year before fireFor almost a year, some residents at the Wang Fuk Court complex had been raising safety concerns to Hong Kong authorities about the scaffolding materials being used in the renovation project, according to documents reviewed by the AP, specifically about the netting that covered the scaffolding.Hong Kongs labor department in a statement on Saturday confirmed it had received such complaints, adding that officials had carried out 16 inspections of Wang Fuk Courts renovation project since July 2024, and had warned contractors multiple times in writing that they must ensure they met fire safety requirements. The city even carried out an inspection as late as one week before the fire. The labor department said it had reviewed the product quality certificate of the netting and that it was in line with standards, but that the safety netting had not been the previous target of inspections. Preliminary investigations showed the fire started on a lower-level scaffolding net of one of the buildings. It then spread rapidly as the foam panels caught fire, said Chris Tang, the citys secretary for security. Police also said they had been looking at the highly flammable foam panels. The blaze ignited the foam panels, causing the glass to shatter and leading to a swift intensification of the fire and its spread into the interior spaces, Tang said. The labor department said later on Saturday that three prosecutions were brought against the company over breaches of safety regulations for working at height in the construction and convictions in two of the cases resulted in fines of totaling 30,000 Hong Kong dollars ($3,850). The company also was fined three times in 2023 for separate violations unrelated to the Tai Po project.First responders also found that some fire alarms in the complex, which housed many older people, did not sound when tested, said Andy Yeung, the director of Hong Kong Fire Services. He did not specify how many were not working or if any of the others were. Intense blaze took days to put outIt took firefighters a day to bring the fire under control, and it was not fully extinguished until Friday morning some 40 hours after it started. Crews prioritized apartments from which they had received emergency calls during the blaze but were unable to reach in the hours that the fire burned out of control, Derek Armstrong Chan, a deputy director of Hong Kong Fire Services, told reporters. Twelve firefighters were among the 79 people injured in the blaze, and one firefighter was killed. Even two days after the fire began, smoke continued to drift out of the charred skeletons of the buildings from the occasional flare-up. More bodies may be foundWhile more bodies might be recovered, authorities said, crews have finished their search for anyone living trapped inside.Authorities said Saturday they need to identify 44 more bodies out of the 128 recovered. About 150 people remain unaccounted for. The dead included two Indonesian migrant workers, the Indonesian foreign ministry said Thursday. About 11 other migrants from the country who were working as domestic helpers in the apartment complex remain missing, Indonesian Consul General Yul Edison said Friday.Near the site of the fire, Sara Yu held the hand of her 2-year-old son, Dominic, as they each placed a single white rose into a growing cluster of the flowers in a small childrens playground.I brought the kids here because I want them to understand that living in this world is something to be cherished, she said, holding back tears.Outside a building close to the scene of the fire where family members came to identify loved ones from photographs, people placed bouquets of white roses, lilies and carnations. More than 128 innocent lives, what did they do wrong? asked a sign placed among the flowers. The city lowered flags to half staff in mourning, and Chief Executive John Lee, led a three-minute silence Saturday from the government headquarters with officials all dressed in black.The fire was the deadliest in Hong Kong in decades. A 1996 fire in a commercial building in Kowloon killed 41 people. A warehouse fire in 1948 killed 176 people, according to the South China Morning Post.___Researcher Shihuan Chen in Beijing and writer David Rising in Hong Kong contributed to this report. Wu reported from Bangkok CHAN HO-HIM Chan covers China business, economy and finance for The Associated Press, reporting on key sectors from technology to trade. He is based in Hong Kong. mailto HUIZHONG WU Wu covers Chinese culture, society, and politics for The Associated Press, as well as the countrys growing overseas influence from Bangkok. She was previously based in Taiwan and China. twitter RSShttps://feedx.net https://feedx.site